**Summary: How Schema Affect Anxiety and Depression by Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes** [Watch the video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8SL2ZbWVFE) **Outline Summary:** 1. **Introduction**   - Presenter: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes   - Topic: How Schema Affect Anxiety and Depression   - Objectives: Define schema, explain formation, discuss inaccuracies, and identify strategies to address unhelpful schema 2. **Understanding Schema**   - Definition: Mental representations or beliefs about people or events   - Examples: Traffic lights, doctor visits, job interviews, news media, flu season, stock market   - Function: Help anticipate and interpret future situations 3. **Formation of Schema**   - Based on interpretation and memories of experiences   - Influenced by age, prior experiences, cognitive development, and metacognition   - Example: Childhood experiences with a teacher or parent 4. **General Categories of Schema**   - **Security and Abandonment**: Safety in relationships and self-worth   - **Trust and Safety**: General trustworthiness of others   - **Emotional Support vs. Deprivation**: Support in managing emotions   - **Self-Determination**: Control over life and vulnerability   - **Positivity vs. Negativity**: Optimism vs. pessimism   - **Acceptance vs. Hypercriticalness**: Self-acceptance vs. self-criticism   - **Competence vs. Defectiveness**: Capability vs. feeling broken   - **Independence vs. Dependence**: Reliance on others   - **Belongingness vs. Alienation**: Sense of fitting in vs. rejection 5. **Impact of Schema on Anxiety and Depression**   - Negative schema lead to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and anxiety   - Positive schema promote feelings of safety, empowerment, and self-worth 6. **Adjusting Outdated or Inaccurate Schema**   - Schema may be outdated or based on inaccurate interpretations   - Recognize and update schema based on current facts and experiences   - Example: Adjusting schema about medical conditions like cancer or HIV 7. **Strategies to Address Unhelpful Schema**   - **Identify and Evaluate Current Schema**: Understand thoughts contributing to distress   - **Address Cognitive Distortions**: Overgeneralization and personalization   - **Explore Schema with Fresh Eyes**: Re-evaluate old situations   - **Schema Restructuring**: Develop new, healthier schema   - **Notice and Focus on Positives**: Encourage a balanced view 8. **Practical Application**   - Consistency and predictability in caregiving   - Emotional and cognitive responsiveness   - Acceptance, attention, and validation   - Safety and support in solution generation **Time Codes for Major Points:** 0:00 Introduction by Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes 2:45 Understanding Schema 7:30 Formation of Schema 15:20 General Categories of Schema 23:40 Impact of Schema on Anxiety and Depression 33:10 Adjusting Outdated or Inaccurate Schema 41:50 Strategies to Address Unhelpful Schema 54:30 Practical Application Feel free to ask if you need further details or a more in-depth explanation on any part of the video! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices