Is Russia back? Following a decade of post-Soviet malaise, Russia has reemerged under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin as a chief player on the world stage. Indeed, Putin’s Russia has been ever more assertive in testing—and defying—the liberal international order created after World War II. From its annexation of Crimea and intervention in eastern Ukraine, to its burgeoning partnership with China and steady military buildup in the Arctic, Russia is presenting new challenges to the US and its partners around the world. Yet, with a petro-economy the size of Italy’s, few close allies, and military spending eclipsed by that of the US, has Russia truly resumed its Soviet superpower status? How will Russia’s role in the world change in the wake of the US retreat from global leadership?